Which radiological features are associated with achondroplasia?

In the context of achondroplasia, the correct option highlights the characteristic radiological features associated with this form of skeletal dysplasia. Achondroplasia is primarily characterized by disproportionate short stature caused by aberrant endochondral bone formation.

A prominent feature observable on imaging in individuals with achondroplasia is the presence of a large skull due to frontal bossing and a prominent forehead, giving the head a distinctive appearance. Additionally, there is often a narrow foramen magnum. This constriction can lead to complications such as foramen magnum stenosis, which may result in neurological symptoms due to compression of the brainstem and upper spinal cord.

The other options describe features or characteristics that do not align with the typical radiological findings associated with achondroplasia. For instance, while shortened limbs are indeed a characteristic of the condition, they do not emphasize the critical considerations regarding skull formation and the foramen magnum, which are significant in clinical evaluations and management. Hence, recognizing the combination of a large skull and a narrow foramen magnum is essential when identifying the hallmark radiological features indicative of achondroplasia.