Which of the following is a common complication associated with superficial bladder cancer treatments?

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is a common complication associated with treatments for superficial bladder cancer, such as transurethral resection (TURBT) or intravesical therapy. These procedures can cause trauma to the bladder lining and increase the likelihood of bleeding, particularly right after the intervention. Since bladder cancer and its treatments affect the bladder's normal structure, patients may experience varying degrees of hematuria, which can last from a few days to a couple of weeks after the treatment. It is an expected outcome and often serves as an important indicator for the healthcare team to monitor healing and potential recurrence of cancer.

In contrast, while infection is a possible complication, it is more closely associated with certain invasive procedures rather than a direct complication of superficial bladder cancer treatments. Urinary incontinence can occur as a side effect, but it is not as directly linked to superficial bladder cancer interventions. Kidney stones, though a potential urinary tract complication, are not commonly noted as a complication following these specific treatments. Thus, hematuria stands out as a key complication that both patients and healthcare providers commonly discuss in the context of superficial bladder cancer treatment.