Which nerves provide sensory supply to the medial and lateral plantar surfaces of the foot?

The sensory supply to the medial and lateral plantar surfaces of the foot is primarily provided by the medial and lateral plantar nerves. These nerves are branches of the tibial nerve, which itself is a division of the sciatic nerve. The medial plantar nerve innervates the medial aspect of the foot, supplying sensation to the big toe and most of the plantar surface of the medial three and a half digits. The lateral plantar nerve, on the other hand, supplies the lateral aspect of the foot, covering the plantar surface of the remaining one and a half digits.

Other options do not accurately describe the sensory innervation of the plantar aspect of the foot. The deep peroneal and superficial peroneal nerves primarily supply the dorsum of the foot and the skin between the first and second toes, not the plantar surfaces. The tibial nerve, while it contributes to the medial and lateral plantar nerves, is not specifically responsible for sensory supply on its own. Finally, surrounding plantar cutaneous nerves are not the primary nerves identified for this sensory distribution in standard anatomical courses. Therefore, the medial and lateral plantar nerves are correctly identified as the main providers of sensory innervation to the medial and lateral plantar surfaces.