Which nerve provides innervation to the lateral surface of the auricle?

The greater auricular nerve is the correct choice because it is primarily responsible for providing sensory innervation to the lateral surface of the auricle, as well as the skin over the parotid gland. This branch arises from the cervical plexus, specifically from the roots of C2 and C3. It travels up around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to innervate the area of the external ear.

In contrast, the facial nerve primarily innervates the muscles of facial expression and provides taste sensations but does not serve as the main nerve for sensation on the lateral surface of the auricle. The vagus nerve innervates structures in the neck, thorax, and abdomen but does not directly affect the auricle's sensory pathway. The glossopharyngeal nerve has functions related primarily to the tongue and pharynx, and although it has some sensory functions in nearby areas, it does not innervate the outer ear region. Hence, the greater auricular nerve is correctly identified for its specific role in the innervation of the lateral auricle.