Which nerve is affected by trauma leading to winging of the scapula?

The winging of the scapula is primarily associated with the long thoracic nerve of Bell. This condition occurs when this nerve is either compressed or damaged, leading to weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle. The serratus anterior is crucial for holding the scapula against the thoracic wall, and its dysfunction results in the scapula being unable to stabilize against the rib cage, causing it to protrude outward – resembling a wing.

Trauma that impacts the long thoracic nerve can occur during surgical procedures, by athletic injuries, or through direct trauma to the shoulder region. Identifying this specific nerve and understanding its role in scapular movement is critical for clinicians diagnosing conditions resulting in scapular winging. This understanding helps guide appropriate management and rehabilitation strategies.