Which condition presents with back pain, stiffness, and progressive kyphosis in adolescents, along with X-ray findings of epiphyseal plate disturbance?

Scheuermann's disease is characterized by back pain, stiffness, and progressive kyphosis, particularly in adolescents. This condition, also known as juvenile kyphosis, typically presents during periods of growth and is marked by changes in the vertebral bodies. The X-ray findings show epiphyseal plate disturbances, which manifest as irregularities in the vertebrae, leading to a wedging effect that causes the characteristic forward curvature of the spine.

The presence of back pain and stiffness is attributed to the structural abnormalities in the vertebrae, which can lead to discomfort and restricted motion. Moreover, the kyphotic deformity progressively worsens as the child grows, making early identification and management crucial.

In contrast, other conditions listed do not display the same combination of symptoms and radiographic findings. Osteogenesis imperfecta primarily affects bone strength and may not specifically cause kyphosis or represent epiphyseal disturbances in the same manner as Scheuermann's disease. Kyphosis due to postural issues is often reversible and does not typically include the characteristic changes on imaging associated with epiphyseal disturbances. Thoracic outlet syndrome involves compression of neurovascular structures, leading to symptoms in the upper extremities rather than back pain or kyphosis.