Which condition is best treated using a loop ileostomy?

A loop ileostomy is specifically indicated in cases where there is a need to defunction the colon, especially following rectal cancer surgery. This surgical intervention is performed to divert fecal matter away from the rectum and distal colon, providing a temporary or permanent solution to allow healing of the surgical site.

In the context of rectal cancer surgery, the loop ileostomy helps to reduce the risk of complications such as anastomotic leakage and allows for the preservation of the anus when feasible, while ensuring that any residual colorectal segments can heal properly without the stress of bowel contents passing through them.

In contrast, the other conditions presented do not necessitate the creation of a loop ileostomy. For instance, ileo-colic anastomosis typically involves directly connecting the ileum to the colon rather than diverting stool. Cholecystectomy, the surgical removal of the gallbladder, generally does not require any form of ileostomy. Lastly, gastroesophageal reflux hypertension (GERD) is primarily managed through medications and surgical interventions like fundoplication, rather than ileostomy creation. Thus, these conditions are not appropriate scenarios for the application of a loop ileostomy.