Which condition involves uncontrolled hypertension, edema, and allograft dysfunction in a transplanted kidney?

The condition that involves uncontrolled hypertension, edema, and allograft dysfunction in a transplanted kidney is renal artery stenosis. This occurs when there is a narrowing of the renal artery that supplies blood to the transplanted kidney, which can result in decreased blood flow and subsequent renal ischemia.

As the kidney receives inadequate blood supply, it can lead to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, causing hypertension. The kidney may also become swollen due to fluid retention and edema, resulting from the reduced perfusion pressures. Allograft dysfunction is characterized by a decrease in kidney function, often reflected in rising creatinine levels in the blood.

In contrast, conditions like renal vein thrombosis and urine leak present different clinical scenarios, focusing on issues such as venous obstruction and obstruction caused by leaks from the urinary system, respectively. Acute rejection is primarily an immune-mediated response which can lead to graft dysfunction but typically occurs without the specific features of uncontrolled hypertension and edema associated with renal artery stenosis. Hence, the distinct constellation of symptoms like hypertension, edema, and allograft dysfunction aligns well with renal artery stenosis as the correct answer.