Which complication following a renal transplant requires surgical intervention for management?

A urine leak following a renal transplant occurs when urine escapes from the urinary system, typically at the anastomotic site where the ureter is connected to the bladder or from the kidney itself. This complication can lead to significant morbidity if not addressed appropriately.

Surgical intervention is often necessary to manage a urine leak effectively. This may involve reoperation to repair the anastomosis, placing a stent, or draining any accumulating urine to prevent further complications such as infection, abscess formation, or delayed graft function.

In contrast, while seromas, lymphoceles, and renal artery stenosis can have adverse effects and may require intervention, the most immediate and critical management for a urine leak tends to involve surgical repair. Seromas and lymphoceles can often be managed conservatively or via percutaneous drainage if symptomatic, and renal artery stenosis might be treated with angioplasty or stenting rather than requiring open surgical intervention initially.