Which complication following a renal transplant requires surgical intervention for management?

A urine leak following a renal transplant is a complication that often necessitates surgical intervention for effective management. After transplant surgery, the anastomosis between the donor ureter and the bladder or renal pelvis may fail, resulting in urine leakage into the surrounding tissues. This condition can lead to significant morbidity, including infection, abscess formation, and impaired renal function if not addressed.

Surgical intervention may involve reoperation to repair the anastomosis or to place a stent or drain that can help manage the leak. While conservative measures, such as urinary drainage, may be attempted in less severe cases, intervention becomes essential when the leak is significant or persists.

Other potential complications such as seroma, lymphocele, and renal artery stenosis may also arise post-transplant. However, seromas and lymphoceles can often be managed conservatively or through percutaneous drainage. Renal artery stenosis, while serious, may not require immediate surgical intervention and could sometimes be managed with endovascular techniques or medical management. Thus, the necessity of surgical intervention firmly supports the classification of urine leak as the correct answer in this context.