Which class of antibiotics is associated with ototoxicity?

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics known for their effectiveness against certain bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. One of the significant side effects associated with aminoglycosides is ototoxicity, which can lead to hearing loss or balance issues due to damage to the inner ear structures.

The mechanism behind ototoxicity in aminoglycosides is thought to be related to their cumulative toxicity, particularly to the hair cells in the cochlea. This effect can be more pronounced in patients with renal impairment or those who are receiving high doses or prolonged therapy with these antibiotics. Therefore, monitoring renal function and hearing in patients receiving aminoglycosides is essential to minimize the risk of ototoxic effects.

While other classes of antibiotics, such as macrolides, tetracyclines, and cephalosporins, have their own side effect profiles, they are not typically associated with ototoxicity in the same way aminoglycosides are. This distinction highlights the importance of understanding the unique potential adverse effects of different antibiotic classes in clinical practice.