Which branches are part of the external carotid artery?

The external carotid artery gives rise to several branches that supply various regions of the head and neck. The branches you mentioned are indeed notable. The lingual artery supplies the tongue and is critical for its vascularization, the facial artery supplies structures in the face, and the occipital artery supplies the posterior scalp and other areas in the back of the head. These branches are essential for blood supply to significant anatomical regions serviced by the external carotid artery.

Understanding the branches of the external carotid artery is vital for identifying vascular supply during surgical procedures and in diagnosing certain conditions. This knowledge enhances a practitioner's ability to manage related clinical scenarios effectively.

The other options include branches that may not exclusively belong to the external carotid artery or could potentially stem from different sources. The specificity of branches is important when considering surgical implications and anterior versus posterior circulation.