Which artery is responsible for the arterial supply of the ascending colon?

The correct choice is the right colic artery, as it specifically provides arterial supply to the ascending colon. The right colic artery branches from the superior mesenteric artery and runs along the right side of the colon, supplying the ascending portion and often contributing to the blood supply of the hepatic flexure.

The other options are related to different sections of the colon: the middle colic artery primarily supplies the transverse colon, while the left colic artery is associated with the descending colon. The inferior mesenteric artery mainly supplies the distal parts of the colon, including the left colon and rectum. Understanding the specific roles of these arteries helps clarify the blood supply to the different segments of the colon.