What structure lies posteriorly to the right adrenal gland?

The structure that lies posteriorly to the right adrenal gland is indeed the diaphragm. The right adrenal gland, located above the right kidney, is situated in close proximity to the diaphragm, which forms part of the thoracic cavity and separates it from the abdominal cavity. This anatomical relationship is important for understanding various surgical approaches and potential complications during procedures involving the adrenal gland or the surrounding organs.

The other options are located in either different spatial relationships or orientations relative to the right adrenal gland. The kidney lies directly inferior to the adrenal gland rather than posteriorly, while the inferior vena cava runs anteriorly and laterally to the right adrenal gland. The hepatorenal pouch, also known as Morrison’s pouch, is located more anteriorly and is not in a position to be described accurately as posterior to the adrenal gland. This anatomy underscores the relevance of understanding organ placements during surgical assessments or interventions.