What is the role of the central chemoreceptors?

The central chemoreceptors play a crucial role in the regulation of respiratory activity by primarily responding to changes in hydrogen ion concentration (H+) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When carbon dioxide (pCO2) levels in the blood increase, it diffuses into the CSF and is converted to carbonic acid, which dissociates into bicarbonate and H+. An increase in H+ concentration decreases the pH of the CSF, signaling the central chemoreceptors to stimulate the respiratory center in the brain to increase ventilation in order to expel more carbon dioxide, thereby correcting the acid-base balance.

This mechanism is vital for maintaining homeostasis and proper respiratory function. The sensitivity of these chemoreceptors to H+ rather than direct CO2 concentration is essential because it allows for a more accurate response to changes in the body's metabolic state. In summary, the central chemoreceptors primarily function by detecting H+ concentration in the CSF, thereby influencing respiratory behavior to maintain optimal blood gas levels.

While the role of measuring pO2 in arterial blood is handled by peripheral chemoreceptors, changes in blood pH and the dual response to pCO2 and pO2 levels are not the main functions of central chemoreceptors