What is the primary complication of untreated severe acute pancreatitis?

The primary complication of untreated severe acute pancreatitis is organ failure. This condition can lead to a systemic inflammatory response that potentially affects multiple organ systems, including the lungs, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. The pathophysiology involves the release of inflammatory mediators that can cause direct injury to these organs, leading to complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury, and shock.

Organ failure is a serious outcome that directly impacts the mortality rate in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Monitoring and addressing organ function are crucial components of managing this condition, as early intervention can sometimes prevent or mitigate the progression to organ failure.

While diabetes mellitus can develop as a long-term consequence of pancreatitis due to damage to insulin-producing cells, it is not an immediate complication of severe acute pancreatitis. Infection, though a possible complication, typically arises from necrotic pancreatic tissue or abscesses rather than being the primary complication of the initial inflammatory process. Biliary obstruction may occur but is often a contributing factor or a separate clinical issue rather than a direct result of untreated acute pancreatitis.