What is the first-line treatment for carcinoid tumors?

The first-line treatment for carcinoid tumors is octreotide, a somatostatin analogue. Carcinoid tumors, which are neuroendocrine tumors, often secrete serotonin and other vasoactive substances that can lead to the carcinoid syndrome, characterized by flushing, diarrhea, and wheezing. Octreotide works by inhibiting the secretion of these hormones from the tumor, alleviating the symptoms associated with the syndrome and also slowing the growth of the tumor itself.

In cases where symptoms of carcinoid syndrome are present, octreotide is particularly beneficial as it not only helps manage symptoms but also can shrink the tumors in some patients. While surgical excision may be considered in localized cases or for symptomatic relief, it is not always feasible due to the often metastatic nature of these tumors at diagnosis. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are generally less effective against carcinoid tumors compared to the hormonal management with octreotide, making octreotide the preferred first-line treatment choice.