What is indicated for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure primarily indicated for patients with significant coronary artery disease, particularly when multiple vessels are involved in obstructive disease. The correct indication for CABG among the options provided is triple vessel disease.

In patients with triple vessel disease, three major coronary arteries are affected, leading to a higher risk of myocardial ischemia and associated complications. CABG helps restore blood flow to the heart muscle by creating new pathways for blood to reach areas of the heart that are deprived due to blockages. It is most beneficial for patients who have not responded adequately to medical therapy or when there is significant stenosis that would benefit from surgical intervention.

Additional considerations for CABG include symptoms of angina, a preserved left ventricular function, and evidence of ischemia on stress testing or imaging. The presence of triple vessel disease is a strong indicator for CABG because of the increased risk not only of angina but also of myocardial infarction that can result from inadequate blood supply.

Other conditions listed do not represent the same level of urgency or need for surgical intervention. Single vessel disease typically may be managed with less invasive treatments, right main stem stenosis might not always warrant surgery depending on the overall clinical context, and hypertension