What does SOF syndrome refer to?

SOF syndrome, which stands for Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome, is associated with trauma to the lateral wall of the orbit. This condition arises when there is damage to the structures that pass through the superior orbital fissure, which can include cranial nerves and the ophthalmic vein. As a result, patients may present with a range of neurological deficits, such as ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of eye movement), and sensory loss in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve.

Understanding the anatomy of the orbit and the implications of trauma helps clarify why damage to the lateral wall, which includes the superior orbital fissure, can lead to this syndrome. It is essential to differentiate this from other types of orbital fractures, such as floor fractures or zygomatic arch fractures, which have their own distinct presentations and complications.