In which situation is an escharotomy recommended for burn patients?

An escharotomy is recommended in cases of circumferential torso and limb burns because these types of burns can lead to compartment syndrome, which is a serious condition where increased pressure within muscle compartments compromises blood flow. In circumferential burns, the eschar (the dead, burned tissue that forms over the burn) can constrict underlying tissues and impede circulation, potentially leading to ischemia and necrosis.

When the burn involves a full thickness of skin around a limb or torso, the rigid nature of the eschar prevents the affected area from expanding as the underlying tissues swell due to inflammation and fluid accumulation. This is particularly concerning in the torso, where tight eschar can restrict chest wall movement and impair breathing, as well as in limbs, where it can restrict blood flow and lead to permanent damage if not addressed.

The management of such complications requires timely intervention; thus, escharotomy is performed to relieve this pressure by incising the eschar, restoring blood flow, and allowing for normal tissue expansion. This procedure is critical for preserving limb function and preventing long-term complications in burn patients who present with circumferential injuries.