In which sequence should the components for establishing cardiopulmonary bypass be performed?

The correct sequence for establishing cardiopulmonary bypass involves first achieving access to the aortic root through cannulation, followed by establishing blood flow and then administering heparin to ensure anticoagulation during the procedure.

In the correct response, the aortic root is cannulated first to allow for the blood return from the heart to the bypass machine. Once cannulation is properly performed, flow is established to direct blood through the circuit. It's crucial to ensure that the patient is adequately anticoagulated with heparin after flow is established to prevent clotting within the bypass circuit and to protect the heart during the surgery.

This order is essential because administering heparin too early before proper venous return can increase the risk of bleeding, and if the flow is established before heparin is given, there remains a risk of clot formation. The sequence ensures optimal safety and efficiency during the setup of cardiopulmonary bypass.

In contrast, the other sequences present a risk of complications such as inadequate anticoagulation or erroneous management of blood flow, potentially compromising the surgical procedure.