How are colon cancer patients primarily investigated who meet the referral criteria?

The primary method for investigating colon cancer in patients who meet the referral criteria is through colonoscopy and CT cologram. This approach allows for a direct visual examination of the colon, which is essential for confirming the presence of any neoplastic lesions, polyps, or other abnormalities that might suggest cancer. Colonoscopy not only enables visualization but also permits biopsy sampling of suspicious areas for pathological analysis, crucial for diagnosis and staging of colon cancer.

CT cologram, or CT colonography, is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed pictures of the colon and rectum. It is particularly useful in cases where traditional colonoscopy may not be feasible, such as in patients with significant comorbidities or anatomical challenges that complicate the procedure. CT cologram can also be instrumental in detecting polyps and cancers, contributing valuable information about the extent of disease.

This combination of colonoscopy and CT cologram ensures a thorough evaluation of the colon, enabling timely diagnosis and management of colon cancer. Other options provided do not offer the same level of specificity and diagnostic capability necessary for investigating a potential malignancy in this context. For instance, while physical examinations and blood tests can reveal some general health issues, they are insufficient for diagnosing colon cancer. Similarly, digital rectal exams